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| Buckhurst Hill ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Buckhurst Hill
Buckhurst Hill is an affluent suburban town in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. Located adjacent to the northern boundary of Greater London, it forms part of the Greater London Urban Area. The railway line was opened in 1856 as part of the Eastern Counties Railway; a middle-class development resulted from this line.
==History==
The first mention of Buckhurst Hill is in 1135, when reference was made to ''"La Bocherste"'', becoming in later years ''"Bucket Hill"'', originally meaning a hill covered with beech trees.〔(The Place-Names of Essex, Percy Hide Reaney, Cambridge University Press 1935 )〕 It lay in Epping Forest and consisted of only a few scattered houses along the ancient road from Woodford to Loughton. Before the building of the railways Buckhurst Hill was on the stage coach route between London and Cambridge, Norwich, Bury St Edmunds and Dunmow. Originally it was a part of the parish of Chigwell; there was no road connecting the two communities and in order to get to church, parishioners had to ford the River Roding at Woodford.〔(History of the County of Essex: Volume 4: Ongar Hundred. W R Powell (Editor), 1956 (pp 18–22) http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=15534 )〕 The Parish Church of St John was built in 1838 as a chapel of ease but did not become a separate ecclesiastical parish until 1867.〔(W R Powell p 33 )〕 St John's National School was also built in 1838. The lord of the manor gave a site next to the church; the building cost £209, most of which was donated by the church congregation.〔(W R Powell p 40 )〕 The opening of Buckhurst Hill Station in 1856 saw a rapid expansion in the population of the area; nearly six hundred new houses had been built near the station by 1871. Some of the land for this expansion was enclosed from Epping Forest, before this practice was halted by the Epping Forest Act, 1878.
The civil parish of Buckhurst Hill became Buckhurst Hill Urban District in 1894. In 1933, it was merged with the Chigwell and Loughton Urban District to form the Chigwell Urban District.〔(W R Powell (pp 18–22) )〕 A further merger with Epping Urban District, Waltham Holy Cross Urban District and most of Epping and Ongar Rural District in 1974 brought Buckhurst Hill into Epping Forest District,〔(Epping Forest District Council: History of the District )〕 and in 1996, Buckhurst Hill Parish Council was established as a first tier of local government.〔(Buckhurst Hill Parish Council: About Buckhurst Hill )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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